Lumbar radiculopathy dbq - Your VA disability rating is based on how severe your disability is, and you are scored on a range of disability from 10% (minor disability) to 100% (full disability). The scores are rated in 10% increments, from 10% to 20% to 30% and so on. Your score increases based on how severely you are disabled and how much that impacts your …

 
Low back pain - The most common symptom of lumbosacral strain can range from a dull ache to sharp, stabbing pain. Muscle spasms - The muscles in your lower back may become tight and painful, leading to muscle spasms. Limited mobility - You may experience difficulty moving or have a limited range of motion in your lower back. This can make .... Graveyard walk passage teas chegg

Radicular Pain. Radicular pain is one of the symptoms of radiculopathy. Radicular pain consists of pain that radiates from the spinal nerve root either part or all the way into the extremity. Many people confuse the terms radicular pain and radiculopathy. Again, radicular pain is a symptom, which means it's something you feel, while ...It most often appears in the lumbar or cervical spine. Everyone will suffer from some degree of spinal disc damage as they age, but DDD most often refers to discs that have been worn down due to any number of factors (e.g., time, excessive force, etc.). Symptoms of DDD include the following: Lower back pain; Pain in the buttocks or upper thighsA 60 percent disability rating for paralysis of the sciatic nerve is possible for those with severe damage and visible muscular atrophy below the knee. A 40 percent rating is available for those with moderately severe damage. Moderate cases qualify for 20 percent disability, while mild cases may meet the requirements for 10 percent disability.Effects from neuralgia are considered moderate at worst by VA standards. The condition uses these sciatica VA rating guidelines: 20%: Moderate symptoms. 10%: Mild symptoms. Diagnostic code 8520, or paralysis of the sciatic nerve, has more extensive rating rules, including: 80%: Complete paralysis as evidenced by the foot dangling and dropping ...Secondary conditions develop as a result of an underlying condition or injury. In many cases, lower back pain is caused by spine, discs, or nerve damage. This damage can occur due to an accident, disease, or overuse. While lower back pain is often treatable, it can lead to chronic pain and disability if left untreated.The vet has three diagnosed back conditions as listed in the DBQ. Diagnosis #1: sacroiliitis on the left SI joint. Diagnosis #2: degenerative disease lumbar spine/pars defect. Diagnosis #3: coccydynia status post coccyx fracture sacrum and coccyx. The vet received a 0% rating for Spine and 10% Bilateral for radiculopathy.The Back and Spine Overview . The VA awards disability compensation for each Back and Spine condition that is service-connected.The DoD will also rate service-connected conditions as long as they also make the service member Unfit for Duty.For Reservists, the condition must have occurred in or resulted from an injury in the Line of Duty to qualify.. …The veteran may also have their private doctor fill out a DBQ for them. Play. VA Disability Ratings for Foot Drop. Foot drop is most closely rated as paralysis of the sciatic nerve. As such, it is rated under 38 C.F.R. § 4.124a, Diagnostic Code 8520. Ratings can range from 80 percent to 10 percent, depending on the level of paralysis.Request an Appointment. 410-955-5000 Maryland. 855-695-4872 Outside of Maryland. +1-410-502-7683 International. Lumbar discectomy is a type of surgery to fix a disc in the lower back. This surgery uses smaller cuts (incisions) than an open lumbar discectomy.Reason for study: 32m with low back pain radianting to right leg. Clinical History: hx of lumbar radiculopathy L$-L% in 2004. Now with worsening pain, muscle spasms, and nubness in RLE. Report: MRI lumbar spine without contrast. Clinical Indication: 32M with low back pain radiating to right leg. Contrast: None. Comparison: None. Findings ... Edit Va dbq for radiculopathy. Easily add and highlight text, insert pictures, checkmarks, and signs, drop new fillable areas, and rearrange or delete pages from your document. Get the Va dbq for radiculopathy completed. Download your adjusted document, export it to the cloud, print it from the editor, or share it with other participants via a ... We review the epidemiology, etiology, symptomatology, clinical presentation, anatomy, pathophysiology, workup, diagnosis, non-surgical and surgical management, …Lumbar spine radiculopathy can also result in a condition known as foot drop, which is rated from 10 to 40%. ... The DBQ for back and thoracolumbar spine conditions includes questions about your current diagnosis, your strength, reflexes, range of motion in the back, and your medical history. ...The DBQ forms in this list below are in PDF format and can be downloaded and printed. Available VA DBQ forms organized by body system: Cardiovascular. Artery and Vein Conditions. Heart Conditions. Hypertension. …Apr 8, 2021 ... VA Disability Claims That Will Get You A 30% VA Rating Or H... Jan 8, 2023 · 1.8K views. 12:46. The Ultimate Guide to 2023 VAWelcome to the PEB Forum! In accordance with 38 CFR VASRD §4.71a Schedule of ratings—musculoskeletal system, "The Spine," it would seem that your degenerative disc disease, lumbar spine medical condition meets the DoVA 40% rating criteria. In reference to your radiculopathy, right lower extremity medical condition, I am …Radiculopathy refers to a set of symptoms that occur from spinal nerve root compression. Pain, muscle weakness, and numbness are symptoms, presenting either individually or in some combination. Radiculopathy most commonly occurs from compression in the neck (cervical) or lower back (lumbar) regions. Causes of …SECTION XI - STRAIGHT LEG RAISING TEST. (This test can be performed with the Veteran seated or supine. Raise each straightened leg until pain begins, typically at 30-70 degrees of elevation. The test is positive if the pain radiates below the knee, not merely in the back or hamstrings.Background. Cervical radiculopathy from degenerative disorders, termed degenerative cervical radiculopathy (DCR), is defined as "pain in a radicular pattern in one or both upper extremities related to compression and/or irritation of one or more cervical nerve roots". 1, 2 This condition can result from degenerative changes to the intervertebral disc and uncovertebral and facet joints ...480-574-2900. Tempe, AZ (Rockford Dr.) 480-342-6800. Jacksonville, FL. 904-953-0305. First Name. Last Name. Email. Mayo Clinic is rated a top hospital for radiculopathy and is home to neck and spine doctors with expertise in diagnosing and treating sports and recreational injuries.DBQs help collect necessary medical information to process your disability claims. You can use these forms to submit medical evidence from your health care providers. This information helps to support your claims for disability benefits. Please have your health care provider fill out and submit the appropriate forms for your claimed conditions.Other diagnosis #3. ICD Code: ICD Code: Date of diagnosis: Date of diagnosis: If there are additional diagnoses that pertain to non-degenerative arthritis conditions, list using above format: SECTION II - MEDICAL HISTORY. 2A. Describe the history (including onset and course) of the Veteran's inflammatory, autoimmune, crystalline or infectious ...Other diagnosis #3. ICD Code: ICD Code: Date of diagnosis: Date of diagnosis: If there are additional diagnoses that pertain to non-degenerative arthritis conditions, list using above format: SECTION II - MEDICAL HISTORY. 2A. Describe the history (including onset and course) of the Veteran's inflammatory, autoimmune, crystalline or infectious ...410-448-6400. Request an Appointment. Degeneration of the cervical spine can result in several different conditions that cause problems. These are usually divided between problems that come from mechanical problems in the neck and problems which come from nerves being irritated or pinched. A cervical radiculopathy is a problem that results when ...Other diagnosis #3. ICD Code: ICD Code: Date of diagnosis: Date of diagnosis: If there are additional diagnoses that pertain to non-degenerative arthritis conditions, list using above format: SECTION II - MEDICAL HISTORY. 2A. Describe the history (including onset and course) of the Veteran's inflammatory, autoimmune, crystalline or infectious ...Nov 18, 2020 ... 5. Service connection for left lower extremity radiculopathy, sciatic is granted with an evaluation of 40 percent effective August 31, 2020. 6 ...Radiculopathy is the conduction block of the axons of a spinal nerve or its roots. It presents with motor or sensory features, often also associated with radicular pain. Ensure to enquire about specific red flag clinical features. Radiculopathy is most commonly a result of nerve compression, which can be caused by a wide range of pathology.The range of motion measurement typically encompasses the range of flexion (i.e., bending) and extension (i.e., straightening) as well. VA generally rates back conditions/pain as follows: 10% - forward flexion of the thoracolumbar spine greater than 60 degrees but not greater than 85 degrees; or, forward flexion of the cervical spine greater ...Jul 13, 2021 ... DDD can trigger other conditions including radiculopathy, herniated discs, neurological impairments, spinal stenosis, and more. Claiming ...Torn or stretched tendons. Inflammation or damage to the posterior tibial tendon, which runs from the lower leg, down to the ankle, and to the middle of the arch of the foot. Dislocated or broken bones in the legs or feet. Health conditions (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis) Nerve damage, such as from peripheral neuropathy. Obesity.Introduction. Lumbar radiculopathy is commonly caused by compression of a lumbar nerve root, resulting in symptoms which radiate down the legs. Symptoms include altered sensation, decreased reflexes, weakness, and pain, which may be described as sharp, shocks, burning, tingling, etc. Lumbar radiculopathy affects approximately 3-5% of the ...Thoracic Radiculopathy Secondary to Back Pain. Thoracic radiculopathy occurs when a nerve in the upper back is pinched, and people may experience pain in their chest or torso area as a result. This is the least common type of radiculopathy. Lumbar Radiculopathy Secondary to Back Pain. Lumbar radiculopathy is a common condition among veterans ...Disability from lesions of peripheral portions of first, second, third, fourth, sixth, and eighth nerves will be rated under the Organs of Special Sense. The ratings for the cranial nerves are for unilateral involvement; when bilateral, combine but without the bilateral factor. Fifth (trigeminal) cranial nerve.Sciatica refers to pain involving a problem with the sciatic nerve. The Sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the human body and extends from the lower back through the hips and the buttocks, down each leg. In most cases, sciatica can be caused by a ruptured intervertebral disk, an injury or narrowing of the spinal canal that puts pressure on ...Sometimes that pain in your neck is more than an annoyance. It may be a condition called spinal stenosis, and it can cause physical symptoms that make it difficult to enjoy your re...If you have chronic back or neck pain that hasn’t responded to conventional treatments, it may be time to find a spine surgeon. The right spine surgeon will let you know if surgery... DBQ FormsLearn More About DBQ Forms and Download Them DirectlyWhat is a DBQ Form?The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) relies on Disability Benefits Questionnaire (DBQ) forms to evaluate veterans' disability claims efficiently and accurately. Tailored to various conditions, these forms streamline medical evidence collection, facilitating quicker decisions on disability compensation. Health ... VA Disability Ratings for Lumbar Radiculopathy : 8520 Paralysis of: Complete; the foot dangles and drops, no active movement possible of muscles below the knee, flexion of knee weakened or (very rarely) lost : 80% Incomplete: - Severe, with marked muscular atrophy : 60% - Moderately severe : 40% - Moderate : 20% - Mild : 10% 8620, NeuritisSciatica, also known as lumbar radiculopathy, is a nerve condition that occurs when the sciatic nerve becomes irritated in some way, and pain radiates down the nerve. This pain may be due to an injury to the spine, a herniated disk, a bone spur, or pressure on the nerve. Veterans who suffer from sciatica often experience debilitating pain in ...The Department of Veterans Affairs encourages all Veterans to submit their private medical records for consideration during the processing of their benefits claim. VA values evidence from your private treatment providers because they are familiar with your medical history, often over a long period of time. VA appreciates the trusted and special ...With diseases, preference is to be given to the number assigned to the disease itself; if the rating is determined on the basis of residual conditions, the number appropriate to the residual condition will be added, preceded by a hyphen. Thus, rheumatoid (atrophic) arthritis rated as ankylosis of the lumbar spine should be coded "5002-5240."Thoracic radiculopathy: You'll likely have pain in and around your chest, including when you breathe in and out. Lumbar radiculopathy: The pain or numbness in your lower back can spread to your legs. Some radiculopathy symptoms are similar to other, much more serious issues.This is a large nerve formed from several nerve roots in the lower back. This nerve extends down the buttock and down the back of the leg to the foot. With lumbar radiculopathy, nerve roots in the lower back become irritated. This leads to pain and symptoms. The sciatic nerve is commonly affected, so the condition is often called sciatica.Often it is easy to take our bodies for granted when everything is in working order. It is only when something starts going wrong that we actually realize how valuable and essentia...Finally, in the absence of limitation of motion, a veteran’s degenerative disc disease VA rating will be as follows: 10% – with X-ray evidence of involvement of two or more major joints or two or more minor joint groups, with occasional incapacitating exacerbations. 20% – with X-ray evidence of involvement of two or more major joints or ...Sciatica, also known as lumbar radiculopathy, is a nerve condition that occurs when the sciatic nerve becomes irritated in some way, and pain radiates down the nerve. This pain may be due to an injury to the spine, …Microsoft Word - Book C Supplement No 63 for Feb 2021.doc. §4.71a Schedule of ratings—musculoskeletal system. ACUTE, SUBACUTE, OR CHRONIC DISEASES. Rating. 5000 Osteomyelitis, acute, subacute, or chronic: …cion of lumbar radiculopathy. Clinical neurological examination tests could be used to discriminate patients with radiculopathy distinct from other low back pain sub-types like non-specific low back pain of somatic ori-gin, lumbar facet or intervetebral joint derangement dis-order. These tests are easy to perform, cost-effective andRadiculopathy is a neurological condition, separate from your back. It will be rated on its own apart from your back. As an example it would be common to see: Lumbosacral strain 5237. Left leg sciatic nerve radiculopathy 8520. Right leg sciatic nerve radiculopathy 8520. 16.Radiculopathy is commonly the result of compression of the nerve root from a structural lesion (i.e., herniated nucleus pulposus, calcified facet joint, or vertebral osteophyte), but may also result from irritation secondary to an infection, tumor, or surrounding tissue inflammation. [1]Lumbar radiculopathy, or sciatic neuritis, is a condition that usually results from a pinched nerve or a herniated disc, though other causes are possible.. Typical symptoms are weakness, pain ...Dec 15, 2020 · Unlike with radiculopathy (sensation changes) or myelopathy (motor changes), imaging is often not required for suspected peripheral neuropathy. 23 A systematic review did not show high sensitivity ... Neck pain stiffness and radiculopathy. Radiculopathy due to a compressed nerve in the cervical spine can leave veterans with numbness, weakness, tingling in the shoulders, or progress along the entire arm and into the hand or fingers. Many veterans with cervical radiculopathy experience degenerative changes in their spine that cause a herniated ...During the first 24 to 48 hours following your diagnosis of lumbar radiculopathy, your physical therapist may advise you to: Protect the area by avoiding activity that causes worsening symptoms, such as heavy lifting. Avoid too much bed rest. Stay active around the house, and go on short walks several times per day. In this video Leah is explaining the process of a C&P exam for veterans with neck pain or cervical spine conditions. She emphasizes that the process should n... Lumbosacral radiculopathy is a term used to describe a pain syndrome caused by compression or irritation of nerve roots in the lower back. It can be caused by lumbar disc herniation, degeneration of the spinal vertebra, and narrowing of the foramen from which the nerves exit the spinal canal.Secondary conditions develop as a result of an underlying condition or injury. In many cases, lower back pain is caused by spine, discs, or nerve damage. This damage can occur due to an accident, disease, or overuse. While lower back pain is often treatable, it can lead to chronic pain and disability if left untreated.Acute, Subacute, or Chronic Diseases. Rating. 5000 Osteomyelitis, acute, subacute, or chronic: Of the pelvis, vertebrae, or extending into major joints, or with multiple localization or with long history of intractability and debility, anemia, amyloid liver changes, or other continuous constitutional symptoms. 100.If yes, describe (brief summary): the above radiculopathy is moderately severe but there is no tab for this in the Back DBQ. b. Does the Veteran have any scars (surgical or otherwise) related to any conditions or to the treatment of any conditions listed in the Diagnosis Section above? [ ] Yes [X] No c. Comments, if any: No response provided 15.Personnel Service Center (PSC)The management of patients with lumbosacral radicular pain (LRP) is of primary importance to healthcare professionals. This study aimed to: identify international clinical practice guidelines on LRP, assess their methodological quality, and summarize their diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations.Lumbar radiculopathy is evaluated under codes 8520, 8620, and 8720. Bilateral factor: If both sides of the body, such as the arms or the legs, are impacted, the VA will issue a rating for each side. Sciatica, or sciatic nerve radiculopathy: paralysis of the sciatic nerve is the 7th most common VA disability and can range higher than typical ...The Schober test was first described by Schober in 1937 to measure segmental motion of the lumbar spine. The examiner marks the S1 spinous process and measures and marks 10 cm above the first mark. Patient is then asked to flex forward as far as possible. The increased distance is then measured.As of 2015, experts are not sure what exactly causes fluid on the spine, according to Mayo Clinic. Another possible cause of fluid on the spine is a Chiari malformation, says Mayo ...Radiculopathy refers to the pinching of nerves in the spinal column. This pinching leads to symptoms including pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness radiating from the spine to other parts of the body. The VA provides a rating for veterans diagnosed with radiculopathy based on the nerves affected and the condition’s severity.Second, VA ratings can be very strict, with a 100% rating only available in very severe cases that involve not just the back, but the neck as well. Many veterans with significant functional loss, pain, and difficulty working might initially only obtain a 10 or 20 percent rating. In fact, the average VA disability rating for back pain is only 10 ...Lumbar radiculopathy is a condition when a spinal nerve root gets pinched and becomes inflamed. The lower back nerve pinch can directly contribute to sciatic nerve pain. If the veteran is dealing with both conditions, they may be able to combine the sciatica rating with the lumbar radiculopathy VA rating to ultimately receive more benefits. ...The veteran may also use a DBQ, or Disability Benefits Questionnaire, to bolster their claim. A Disability Benefits Questionnaire is a form created by VA that allows the veteran to address important aspects of their condition, such as symptoms, severity, and possible causes, as well as the relationship between their condition and other ...A 60 percent disability rating for paralysis of the sciatic nerve is possible for those with severe damage and visible muscular atrophy below the knee. A 40 percent rating is available for those with moderately severe damage. Moderate cases qualify for 20 percent disability, while mild cases may meet the requirements for 10 percent disability.Favorable angle in full extension or in slight flexion between 0 and 10 degrees. In flexion between 10 and 20 degrees. In flexion between 20 and 45 degrees. Extremely unfavorable, in flexion at an angle of 45 degrees or more. 5B. Indicate angle of ankylosis in degrees. degrees N/A no ankylosis of knee joint. 5C.Lumbar Radiculopathy. Lumbar Radiculopathy is the most common type of radiculopathy that affects the (L4-S1) lower spine or lumbar spine. This is common for those seeking a VA rating for lumbar radiculopathy. It is an inflammation of the nerve root which usually involves the sciatic nerve. This is also called the Sciatica.Acute lumbosacral radiculopathy is a diffuse disease process that affects more than one underlying nerve root, causing pain, loss of sensation, and motor function depending on the severity of nerve compression. Lumbosacral radiculopathy is very common.[1] Most cases of lumbosacral radiculopathy are self-limited. The most …Radicular Pain. Radicular pain is one of the symptoms of radiculopathy. Radicular pain consists of pain that radiates from the spinal nerve root either part or all the way into the extremity. Many people confuse the terms radicular pain and radiculopathy. Again, radicular pain is a symptom, which means it's something you feel, while ...What makes the dbq for lumbar radiculopathy legally valid? As the world takes a step away from in-office work, the execution of documents increasingly takes place electronically. The dbq radiculopathy isn’t an exception. Working with it using electronic tools differs from doing this in the physical world.It can take a long time to recover from spinal surgery, and it’s important to know what steps you need to take to make the process more comfortable for yourself. It can take six mo...When the limitation is not severe enough, the VA rates degenerative disc disease at either a 10% or 20% rating, using diagnostic code 5003 . A 10% rating is given when X-ray evidence shows symptoms of degenerative disc disease in two or more major joints or two or more minor joint groups. A 20% rating is granted when X-ray evidence …VA Disability Ratings for Spinal Stenosis. The VA disability rating system for spinal stenosis is the same general formula as for other similar spinal conditions, including: Lumbosacral or cervical strain (diagnostic code 5237) – used to refer to neck or back pain, Spondylolisthesis/segmental instability (diagnostic code 5239) refers to a …Disability Benefits Questionnaires (DBQs) are forms that guide a physician during an exam to ensure that all the information needed to correctly rate a disabled veteran's conditions is properly recorded. The VA released new Public Disability Benefits Questionnaires (DBQs) in March 2021. Before this date, DBQs were intended mainly for use by ...VA Disability Ratings for Spinal Stenosis. The VA disability rating system for spinal stenosis is the same general formula as for other similar spinal conditions, including: Lumbosacral or cervical strain (diagnostic code 5237) – used to refer to neck or back pain, Spondylolisthesis/segmental instability (diagnostic code 5239) refers to a …Peripheral neuropathy, a common neurologic problem encountered by family physicians, can be classified clinically by the anatomic pattern of presenting symptoms and, if indicated, by results of ...

Lumbar radiculopathy, often called sciatica, impacts nerves in the lower back and is one of the most common service-connected disabilities among veterans. Thoracic radiculopathy, which affects the upper back, ... The DBQ for thoracolumbar spine conditions is form VBA-21-0960M-14.. Nerds rope strain

lumbar radiculopathy dbq

The Back and Spine Overview. The VA awards disability compensation for each Back and Spine condition that is service-connected. The DoD will also rate service-connected conditions as long as they also make the service member Unfit for Duty. For Reservists, the condition must have occurred in or resulted from an injury in the Line of Duty to ... Lumbosacral radiculopathy, like other forms of radiculopathy, results from nerve root impingement and/or inflammation that has progressed enough to cause neurologic symptoms in the areas that are supplied by the affected nerve root (s). Next: Epidemiology. Some of the major causes of acute and chronic low back pain (LBP) are …May 22, 2023 ... ... (DBQ), which she displays and explains in ... radiculopathy, and assistive devices ... What to Expect in a Low Back Pain C&P Exam | VA Disability.The DBQ forms in this list below are in PDF format and can be downloaded and printed. Available VA DBQ forms organized by body system: Cardiovascular. Artery and Vein Conditions. Heart Conditions. Hypertension. …My DBQ results for radiculopathy were as follows: Does the Veteran have Radicular Pain: Yes. Intermittant Pain - Right lower - mild. left lower - mild. parasthesias - right lower - mild. left lower - mild. Numbness - right lower - mild. left lower - mild. Indicate severity of radiculopathy and side affected.For acute or chronic low back pain: The use of time-limited (less than seven days) acetaminophen therapy. The use of antiepileptics, including gabapentin and pregabalin (including patients with both radicular and non-radicular low back pain) 1 See the VA/DoD Clinical Practice Guideline for the Management of Opioid Therapy for Chronic Pain.The use of cervical transforaminal epidural corticosteroid injections, which has been considered a mainstay in the treatment of cervical radiculopathy, was acknowledged by limited high-quality studies in systematic review to be used after failing at minimum 6 weeks of other conservative management. 1,4,7,19,23 Support for other injections, such ...Neck pain stiffness and radiculopathy. Radiculopathy due to a compressed nerve in the cervical spine can leave veterans with numbness, weakness, tingling in the shoulders, or progress along the entire arm and into the hand or fingers. Many veterans with cervical radiculopathy experience degenerative changes in their spine that cause a herniated ...The diagnosis was lumbar degenerative disk disease with moderate right lower extremity S1 radiculopathy. In June 2004, another VA Compensation and Pension examination of the veteran was conducted. This time the veteran reported having bilateral lower extremity radiculopathy with the symptoms of pain being greater on the right than the left.Everything you need to know to win your back and/or neck claim. This video features a conversation with attorney Shana Dunn a Founding Partner at the law fi...Radiculopathy Ankylosing spondylitis of the thoracolumbar spine (back) NOTE: If there are systemic or other constitutional manifestations of ankylosing spondylitis, ALSO complete the Non-degenerative Arthritis DBQ and the appropriate DBQ for each affected system. Vertebral fracture (vertebrae . ICD Code: Date of diagnosis: of the back)Lumbar radiculopathy, commonly called sciatica, is an injury to the nerve in the lower back that causes pain and numbness that radiates down the legs. Symptoms also may include tingling, weakness, and reflex loss in the leg and feet. A nerve root in any of the five lumbar vertebrae can be damaged, irritated, or compressed by one of many ...SECTION XI - STRAIGHT LEG RAISING TEST. (This test can be performed with the Veteran seated or supine. Raise each straightened leg until pain begins, typically at 30-70 degrees of elevation. The test is positive if the pain radiates below the knee, not merely in the back or hamstrings.Radiculopathy is the result of a spinal nerve root injury. Nerve roots split off the spinal cord and exit the spine between the vertebrae. Radiculopathy happens when a specific nerve root is damaged or pinched. It most commonly occurs in the neck—cervical radiculopathy—and lower back—lumbar radiculopathy..

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